Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a wireless communication technology that uses radio signals to identify specific targets and read and write related data without the need to identify mechanical or optical contact between the system and a particular target.
The radio's signal is transmitted from the tag attached to the item by an electromagnetic field that is modulated into a radio frequency to automatically identify and track the item. Some tags receive energy from the electromagnetic field emitted by the recognizer when they are recognized, and do not require a battery. The tag itself has a power source and can actively emit radio waves (electromagnetic fields that are modulated into radio frequencies). The tag contains electronically stored information that can be identified within a few meters. Unlike barcodes, RF tags do not need to be within the line of sight of the recognizer, but can also be embedded within the object being tracked.
Radio frequency identification technology is used in many industries. Attaching the label to a car that is in production, the factory can easily track the progress of the car on the production line. The warehouse can track where the medicine is located. RF tags can also be attached to livestock and pets to facilitate positive identification of livestock and pets (positive identification means preventing several animals from using the same identity). The RFID-enabled identification card allows employees to access the locked building section, and the RF transponder on the car can also be used to collect the toll road and parking lot.
Some RF tags are attached to clothing, personal belongings, and even implanted in the human body. Because this technology may read personal information without my permission, this technology may also infringe on personal privacy concerns.
component
Transponder: consists of an antenna, a coupling element and a chip. Generally, the tag is used as a transponder. Each tag has a unique electronic code attached to the object to identify the target object.
Reader: A device consisting of an antenna, a coupling element, a chip, and reading (and sometimes writing) tag information. It can be designed as a handheld rfid reader or a fixed reader.
Application software system: It is application layer software, which mainly processes the collected data and uses it for people.
working principle
The basic working principle of RFID technology is not complicated: after the tag enters the magnetic field, it receives the RF signal from the reader, and sends the product information (passive tag or passive tag) stored in the chip by the energy obtained by the induced current, or by The tag actively sends a signal of a certain frequency (AcTIve Tag, active tag or active tag), and the reader reads the information and decodes it, and sends it to the central information system for data processing.
A complete RFID system consists of three parts: the reader and the electronic tag, the so-called transponder and application software system. The working principle is that the Reader emits a specific frequency of radio wave energy to drive the circuit. The internal data is sent out, and the Reader receives the interpretation data in sequence, and sends it to the application for corresponding processing.
In terms of communication and energy sensing between the RFID card reader and the electronic tag, it can be roughly divided into two types: inductive coupling and backscatter coupling. Generally, the low-frequency RFID mostly adopts the first type, and the higher frequency mostly adopts the second method.
The reader can be a read or read/write device depending on the structure and technology used, and is an RFID system information control and processing center. The reader usually consists of a coupling module, a transceiver module, a control module, and an interface unit. The half-duplex communication is generally used for information exchange between the reader and the transponder, while the reader provides energy and timing by coupling to the passive transponder. In practical applications, management functions such as collection, processing, and remote transmission of object identification information can be further implemented through Ethernet or WLAN. The transponder is the information carrier of the RFID system, and the transponder is mostly composed of a coupling element (coil, microstrip antenna, etc.) and a microchip to form a passive unit.
Advantage
RFID is a flexible application technology that is easy to handle, simple and practical, and especially suitable for automated control. Can work freely in a variety of harsh environments: short-range RF products are not afraid of oily, dusty and other harsh environments, can replace bar codes, such as used in the factory line to track objects; long-range RF products are used for transportation, identification distance can be Up to tens of meters, such as automatic charging or identification of vehicle identity. Radio frequency identification systems have the following system advantages:
Easy to read: Data is read without a light source, or even through an outer package. The effective recognition distance is larger, and when the active label with the battery is used, the effective recognition distance can reach more than 30 meters;
Fast recognition speed: When the tag enters the magnetic field, the reader can read the information in real time, and can process multiple tags at the same time to realize batch identification;
Large data capacity: The two-dimensional barcode with the largest data capacity (PDF417) can only store up to 2725 numbers; if it contains letters, the storage will be less; the RFID label can be expanded to 10K according to the needs of users;
Long service life and wide application range: its radio communication method can be applied to dusty, oily and other highly polluting environments and radioactive environments, and its closed packaging makes its lifespan greatly exceed the printed bar code;
Tag data can be dynamically changed: the programmer can write data to the tag, giving the RFID tag the ability to interactively load portable data files with less write time than printed barcodes;
Better security: not only can be embedded or attached to different shapes and types of products, but also can be password protected for reading and writing of tag data, thus providing higher security;
Dynamic real-time communication: the tag communicates with the reader at a frequency of 50 to 100 times per second, so that as long as the object attached to the RFID tag appears within the effective recognition range of the reader, its position can be dynamically tracked and monitored. .
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