Holograms seem to be everywhere, such as the 2012 Kechara Music Festival. The late rapper Tupac Shakur met with fans in the form of a hologram. Microsoft HoloLens seems to be closer to the holographic deck in Star Trek, where users can interact with 3D objects in an augmented reality environment. Startups such as Holoxica can create digital 3D holograms of human organs to help achieve medical visualization.
Although these techniques are even more striking than the "little tricks of rivers and lakes", they are far less than the hologram images described in "Star Wars." True hologram technology still remains in science fiction, but the technology that scientists demonstrated this year has brought us closer to this holographic future.
A group of South Korean research teams recently published a study on Nature Photonics and said that they developed 3D holographic display technology 2600 times better than the current technology. At the same time, researchers led by the Australian team stated in the journal "Optica" that the mini-devices they invented could create the highest quality holograms available today.
Holography involves a wide range of aspects, but the most basic is the photographic technique of recording light scattered by an object. These recorded lights are then reproduced in 3D format. Hologram was originally born in the 40s of the last century and was first proposed by Dennis Gabor, PhD of Physics. He also won the Nobel Prize in physics in 1971 in recognition of his invention and development of holograms.
Most holograms are still images, but scientists are developing more dynamic systems to embed large amounts of information into 3D images.
1. Diversified solutions
For example, the research project of the Korean Institute of Science and Technology.
Our ability to create dynamic high resolution holograms is currently limited by the so-called wavefront modulator. These devices (such as spatial light modulators or digital micromirror devices) can control the direction of light propagation.
An imaging system using a short-focus lens can produce images with a larger viewing angle, but with a smaller size, while a long-focus system can produce a larger image with a smaller viewing angle. The best wavefront phase modulator technology available today can only produce a one centimeter image with a viewing angle of 3 degrees.
There are better possible solutions in the industry, such as the use of multiple spatial light modulators. However, the Korean Science and Technology Institute team proposed a simpler solution.
Park Yong-kyun, a professor of physics at the Korea Institute of Science and Technology, explained: “This problem... can be solved by simply inserting a diffuser.†He pointed out that since the diffuser can diffuse light, the image size and viewing angle can be displayed. Increase.
But there is still a problem that needs to be solved: The diffuser will disturb the light.
Dr. Park said: “In order to use the diffuser as a 'holographic lens', we need to carefully calibrate the optical properties of each diffuser. So, we provide the incident light and direction towards the diffuser through 'wavefront shaping technology'. Information on the relationship between the light."
Dr. Park's team successfully generated enhanced 3D holograms with a viewing angle of 35 degrees and a height, width and height of 2 cm.
He pointed out: "Our method can increase image size, resolution and viewing angle while being easy to extend. Because this method can be applied to any existing wavefront phase modulator, along with a better wavefront phase modulator On the market, it can further improve the image quality."
Dr. Park said that once mature, short-term applications of the technology include holographic projections for automotive head-up displays or smartphone user interfaces. He said: "(hologram) will bring us a new information acquisition experience that can be achieved with fewer pixels than 3D holographic display."
If you are interested, physicist and science writer Chris Lee in-depth explanation of the working principle of the system on Ars Technica.
2. New era of optics
At the same time, Australian National University physicists introduced a device made up of millions of tiny silicon pillars, each of which is 500 times thinner than human hair. This transparent material is capable of manipulating complex light. Sergey Kruk, one of the project leaders, wrote in a press release:
Our ability to build materials at the nanoscale allows the device to achieve new optical properties that surpass natural material properties. The holograms we created demonstrate the great potential of this technology and have a wide range of use cases.
Researchers said they were inspired by science fiction films such as "Star Wars." Kruk said: "We are following the physics principles that inspired science fiction authors."
Kruk pointed out that this new material may one day replace the bigger and heavier lenses and prisms in other applications.
He said: "With this new material, we can create components with the same functionality, but it is basically lightweight and flat. This brings a lot of applications from further downsizing the camera in consumer smartphones. Space technology that can reduce the size and weight of complex satellite optics."
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