Following the rise of computers and the Internet, the rise of the Internet of Things has set off the third wave of the development of the world's information industry. The Internet of things is an important part of the new generation of information technology. It can be seen as an upgrade and expansion of the Internet. According to the definition of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the Internet of Things mainly solves items and objects (Thing to Thing, T2T), the interconnection between Human to Thing (H2T) and Human to Human (H2H). Information exchange and communication through the extension and extension of the Internet to any item and item. In short, the Internet of Things is the Internet of Things. The IoT architecture can be divided into three layers: the sensing layer, the network layer, and the application layer. The key technology of the connection sensing layer and the network layer is the Internet of Things gateway. In the Internet of Things era, IoT gateways will be a crucial part.
IoT Gateway Concept
As the link between the connection sensing layer and the network layer, the IoT gateway can realize the protocol conversion between the sensing network and the communication network, and between different types of sensing networks. Can achieve wide area interconnection. Local area interconnection can also be implemented. In the wireless sensor network, the IoT gateway is an indispensable core device. In addition, the IoT gateway needs to have the device management function. The operator can manage the underlying sensing nodes through the IoT gateway device, understand the related information of each node, and realize remote control.
The shape of the IoT gateway
From the definition of IoT gateway, the IoT gateway is difficult to appear in a relatively fixed form. Generally speaking, any device that can transmit information collected by the sensing layer to the Internet through the protocol conversion of the terminal can be regarded as an IoT gateway. The shape can be a box shape or a tablet computer, and can have an interactive form of a display screen, or a closed or semi-closed non-interactive form.
IoT Gateway Key Technologies
1. Multi-standard interworking access capability: There are many technical standards currently used for short-range communication. Common sensor network technologies include ZigBee, Z-Wave, RUBEE, WirelessHART, IETF6IowPAN, AM'/ANrr+, Wibree,]nSTeON, and others. Various technologies are mainly developed for a certain type of application, and there is a lack of compatibility and system planning. For example, Z.Wave is mainly used in wireless intelligent home networks, RUBEE is suitable for harsh environments, and WirelessHART is mainly concentrated in industrial monitoring. Realizing the interconnection and intercommunication of various communication technology standards has become a problem that the Internet of Things gateway must solve. A separate gateway is designed for each standard, and then implemented through a unified interface between the gateways. Or use the standard adaptation layer, different technical standards to develop the corresponding interface implementation.
2. Manageability of the gateway: The IoT gateway acts as a network element connected to the network, and must have certain management functions, including registration login management, rights management, task management, data management, fault management, status monitoring, and remote diagnosis. , parameter query and configuration, event processing, remote control, remote upgrade, etc. If you need to implement the management of the entire network, you must not only manage the gateway device itself, but also implement the management of each node in the subnet through the gateway, such as obtaining the identity, status, attributes, etc. of the node, as well as remote wake-up, control, and Diagnosis, upgrade maintenance, etc. Although different according to the technical standards of the subnet. The complexity of the protocol is different, and the management content that can be performed is quite different.
IoT gateway application direction
Where there is an IoT application, there must be an IoT gateway. Through the connection of sensors, radio frequency (RFID), micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), and intelligent embedded terminals, IoT gateways will be used in intelligent transportation, environmental protection, government work, public safety, safe home, intelligent fire protection, and industrial Monitoring, environmental monitoring, street lighting control, landscape lighting control, building lighting control, square lighting control, elderly care, personal health, flower cultivation, water monitoring, food traceability, enemy investigation and intelligence gathering. The protocols and gateways used by IoT gateways in different application directions will be different, but their basic functions are to convert all kinds of information collected by the sensing layer into high-speed data through the relevant protocols to achieve high-speed data transmission to the Internet. .
IoT Gateway Application Example
1, smart home
The use of IoT gateways in the home is also a very representative IoT application. Nowadays, many household devices in the home are more and more diverse. Some devices have remote control capabilities, such as air conditioners and televisions. Some water heaters, microwave ovens, rice cookers, refrigerators, etc. do not have this capability. Even if these devices can be remotely controlled, their control capabilities and control range are very limited. And these devices are isolated from each other. The sharing of resources and information cannot be effectively implemented. With the development of the Internet of Things technology, especially the maturity of the Internet of Things gateway technology, the problem of interconnection and intercommunication among various household devices in smart homes will also be solved.
Smart home model, TV, washing machine, air conditioner, refrigerator and other household appliances. Access control, smoke detectors, cameras and other security equipment, table lamps, chandeliers, electric curtains and other lighting equipment, etc., through the integration of specific communication modules, respectively constitute their own ad hoc network subsystem. Within the home Internet of Things gateway device, several sets of common ad hoc network communication protocols are integrated, which can simultaneously communicate with devices or subsystems using different protocols. The user only needs to operate the gateway. You can control all the smart devices connected to the gateway at home.
2, car networking gateway
As one of the better industries for Internet of Things applications, the Internet of Vehicles is considered by the domestic academic community to be the first practical IoT system. It has been demonstrated by the national expert group and is expected to invest 200 billion. Shanghai Chenhan Electronic CARMAN system is a multi-functional vehicle terminal and car networking gateway two-in-one product. The CARMAN system is based on the national standard GB-T19056-2003/National Ministry of Transport industry standards, digital video compression storage and 3G wireless transmission technology (Digital Video Record), combined with GPS positioning monitoring, car drive recorder, SD card mass storage , driver IC card identification, bus station, multi-channel data interface, car Bluetooth hands-free voice call function, reversing monitoring, WIFI hotspot, more car comfort and entertainment car MP3/MP4, car audio and video, car amplifier. 3G video transmission technology, dual stream transmission, adjustable speed, faster transmission, clearer and smoother video. Capture and alarm pictures can be uploaded via WCDMA or CDMA. Real-time monitoring of mobile targets enables real-time transmission of surveillance video and images. The system's built-in multimedia driving record analysis software can realize 4-way image synchronous playback, conditional playback, clip storage, character overlay, geographic information and travel record overlay, event analysis and record extraction. The integrated structure greatly compresses the product volume and expands the performance of the product, which is in line with the development trend of the future vehicle networking gateway.
The concept of the Internet of Things has a long history, but the specific implementation and composition of the Internet of Things has not formed a unified opinion. As one of the key technologies, IoT Gateway has many problems such as high development cost, long development cycle, incompatible software and hardware, difficult core technology, uncertain business model, and difficulty in unifying standards. From the perspective of resource integration, it is undoubtedly the best choice to adopt the solution gateway company's mature gateway solution and its own project development.
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