The use of communication satellites and broadcasting satellites to transmit radio and television programs is a major development in satellite application technology. So, how does a communication satellite work?
The satellite communication system is composed of two parts: the space part—the communication satellite and the ground part—the communication ground station. In this system, the communication satellite is actually a communication relay station suspended in the air. It is at a high level and has a wide field of vision. As long as it is within its coverage area, it can communicate regardless of distance, and forward and reflect wireless signals such as telegraph, television, radio and data through it. 
The basic principle of the communication satellite works is shown in the figure. A radio signal is sent from the ground station 1. After this weak signal is received by the satellite communication antenna, it is first amplified, frequency-converted, and power-amplified in the communication transponder. Finally, the satellite's communication antenna retransmits the amplified radio wave to the ground Station 2 to achieve long-distance communication between two ground stations or multiple ground stations. To give a simple example: if a user in Beijing wants to make a call with another user on the other side of the ocean through a satellite, he must first use a long-distance telephone office to connect the user's telephone line to the Beijing ground station in the satellite communication system. The telephone signal is transmitted to the satellite. After receiving the signal, the satellite amplifies the signal and then forwards it to the ground station on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean. The ground station takes the telephone signal out and sends it to the urban long-distance telephone office where the recipient is located. user.
The rebroadcasting of TV programs is similar to the transmission of telephones. However, due to the different TV standards in different countries, there must be corresponding standard conversion equipment in the receiving equipment to convert the TV signal to the national standard. Telegraph, fax, broadcast, data transmission and other services are also similar to the telephone transmission process, the difference is that the corresponding terminal equipment needs to be used in the ground station.
With the rapid development of aerospace technology, there are more and more types of communication satellites. According to the service area, there are global, regional and domestic communication satellites. According to usage, there are general communication satellites, broadcasting satellites, maritime satellites, tracking and data relay satellites, and various military satellites.
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