Is the balance car a vehicle or a toy?

In the past ten years, for the electric vehicle industry, it is a stage of rapid development. However, in recent years, the market situation has been sluggish, capacity expansion has slowed down, and the electric vehicle industry is entering an adjustment phase. At the same time, however, another emerging industry, the smart balance car industry, has flourished and is in the country and around the world.

What is the balance car? In the era when balance cars have not yet become popular, and people are impressed with electric motorcycles and electric bicycles are in full swing, most people are still vague about what is a balancing car, or at least most people. I haven't really touched the balance car yet. In fact, the balance car is not a new thing. As early as December 2001, the mass production of the world's first balance car Segway, invented by the American inventor Dean Kamen, has been realized. At the time, Dean Kamen described the car's "The first self-balancing, electric-powered transportaTIon machine" (translated to be the world's first auto-balanced, electric vehicle), due to There is no widespread popularity in the market. This kind of automatic balancing ability, the name of electric vehicles in the country has not been unified.

At present, the balance car on the market is a mixed bag, and the main brand currently promoted is the No. 9 car that balances the car ancestors Segway and Xiaomi. Xiaomiâ€™s No. 9 car has swept the world since the acquisition of Segway, and its market share in China has also leapt to the forefront. At the same time, there are still many other brands on the market such as Lexing World, Sorowell, and Essville.

The following are some of the parameters of the Mini 9 balance car:

1. The wheel has a diameter of 10.5 inches (about 26 cm) and a double motor with a total power of 700 watts.

2, using LG lithium battery, 54.8V, 4300mAh. After full charge, the theoretical driving distance is about 22 kilometers.

3. The speed is up to 16 km/h. The speed limit can be adjusted by the APP.

4. The frame is made of magnesium alloy and the net weight is 12.8 kg. The load capacity is 85 kg.

Nowadays, the common balance cars on the market are divided into two types: two-wheel electric balance car and one-wheel electric balance car. In appearance, the two are very different, but in fact their core working principle is the same. Use a structural diagram of a two-wheeled electric balance car to uncover the structural secrets of the two-wheeled electric balance car.

Smart balance car architecture

The two-wheel electric balance car is mainly composed of two parts, one part is the main body of the two-wheel electric balance car; the other part is the direction control handle of the two-wheel electric balance car.

The direction handle is used to control the direction of travel during the running of the car body; the main body of the two-wheel electric balance car is the main reason people call it Self-balancing. The following will list the main body of the two-wheel electric balance car. The main composition of the structure:

1. Control circuit board (that is, the motherboard we often say), the control circuit board also contains the sensor module, the arithmetic module, the motor control drive module;

2. Balance sensing components (ie gyroscopes, or combinations of gyroscopes and accelerometers, why there are combinations of gyroscopes and accelerometers, we will answer in detail in the working principle of two-wheeled electric balance car);

3. Battery, the battery currently used in the balance car is mainly lead-acid battery and lithium battery;

4. The motor, the motor used in the two-wheel electric balance car or the single-wheel electric balance car can be roughly divided into DC motor, stepping motor and servo motor; the structure is mainly divided into brush motor and brushless motor. From the balance car motor scheme, it is divided into independent wheel and gear (ie, the reduction gear in the figure) transmission scheme and the integrated turbine drive scheme of the turbine. In this paper, the balance car used in the above figure is an independent motor plus gear transmission scheme;

At present, self-balancing electric vehicles in the market generally have brush motors. After all, its speed should be controlled below 20KM/h, and the desirable brush motor is better. In the actual production process, since the brushed toothed DC motor is a high-speed motor, the gear teeth are small and easy to wear, but the force is large and the climbing ability is strong. The brushless DC motor eliminates the trouble of replacing the carbon brush for two or three years in the process of use. However, due to the process of controlling the brushless motor, the accuracy is extremely high. Moreover, the price of the brushless motor controller is also higher. In contrast, there is a brushless toothless DC motor. Although it is necessary to replace the carbon brush, it is very easy to replace the carbon brush, and the motor control is relatively simple, the motor runs smoothly, and the safety factor is high.

However, the loss of the motor under complicated road conditions and long-time electric conditions is a problem that motor manufacturers have to face. At the time of production, it is necessary to test the motor's loss, TN curve, efficiency, power factor and other related parameters. According to the DC motor test method "GBT1311-2008", the loss test for the motor needs to test the copper loss, iron loss, stray loss, excitation loss and so on. The domestic ZLG Zhiyuan electronic MPT motor test system meets the GBT1311-2008 in the DC motor test. The test requirements can provide a perfect solution for DC motor testing and new energy motor testing.

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